escape velocity (velocity of escape): an object is shot vertically upward on the surface of the planet. if the initial velocity is less than a certain value, the object will only rise a certain distance, and then the acceleration generated by the gravity of the planet will eventually cause it to fall. if the initial velocity reaches a certain value, the object will completely escape the gravitational constraints of the planet and fly out of the planet. the speed required for an object to escape the planet's gravity is called the escape velocity. the minimum speed required for an object on the surface of a celestial body to escape the gravitational pull of the celestial body and fly into space. for example, the earth's escape velocity is 11.2 kilometers/second (the second cosmic velocity).

escape velocity

escape velocity: v_e²=2GM / R

here:

g = gravitational constant = 6.6726 x 10^-11N-m²/kg²

m = planet mass

r = planet radius